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Bipyridine Derivatives -Milrinone and Inamrinone

They act mainly by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, which has various isozymes. They specifically inhibit the phosphodiesterase 3 enzyme responsible for breakdown …

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Cardiac Glycosides -Digoxin and Digitoxin

Drugs which increase the efficiency of heart are called cardiotonic drugs. Efficiency is the ratio of oxygen consumption to work …

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Drug Treatment of Cardiac Failure

Electrophysiological Properties of heart 1. Automaticity Automaticity is the property of the heart by which impulses are formed spontaneously. Impulses …

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Dantrolene -Directly Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxant

Chemistry Chemically dantrolene is hydantoin derivative. Mechanism of Action It decreases the release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum by binding …

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Cyclobenzaprine, Orphenadrine and Tizanidine

Cyclobenzaprine It mainly acts at the level of brainstem. It has anticholinergic effect and is a good muscle relaxant. It …

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Mephenesin and Meprobamate -Propandiol Derivatives

Mephenesin Mephenesin acts by decreasing the transmission in polysynaptic pathway. It produces muscle relaxant effects. It can be used in: …

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Baclofen and Progabide -GABA Analogues

Baclofen Baclofen acts as agonist at GABA receptors especially GABA B receptors. Ultimately there is hyper polarization due to: Increased …

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Benzodiazepines as Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Centrally acting muscle relaxants Effects They produce effects centrally in brain or spinal cord. Decrease spasm They are used to …

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Factors affecting actions of Neuromuscular blockers

Several factors influence the action of neuromuscular blockers, these include: 1.      Blood flow to muscles If blood flow is rapid, …

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Suxamethonium -Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker

Suxamethonium is the only drug used in the category of depolarizing neuromuscular blockers and is synthetic, consisting of 2 molecules …

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