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Blood Pressure Regulation

The force exerted by blood against vessel wall ► Arterial blood pressure fluctuates in relation to ventricular systole and diastole …

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Immunity

‘Immunitas’- Latin;  ‘Freedom From’ Body’s ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful foreign materials or abnormal cells. Key Role of …

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Cardiac Output

Quantity of blood pumped into aorta each minute by the heart. C.O approx.= Venous Return. C.O = H. Rate x  …

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Autonomic Nervous System

Part of nervous system that controls visceral functions including: Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle (blood vessels, GIT, urinary bladder etc) glands …

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Venous Return

Volume of blood flowing from veins into the right atrium each minute. • Venous return is the sum of all …

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Urine Routine Examination

Clinical Significance 1. Urine testing provides rapid, valuable and reliable information into the health status of the patient. 2. Urine …

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Transport across cell membrane

►Concentration of substances is different in ECF and ICF ►This difference is essential for survival ►Cell membrane ensures concentration difference …

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Smooth muscle

►Involuntary muscle ►Innervated by autonomic nerves ►Lack striated pattern (smooth) Types ►Single unit (visceral smooth muscle) ►Multi unit smooth muscle …

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Renal Function Tests

Functions of Kidney The kidney has five major functions Ø      Removal of waste products/ toxic substances Ø      Regulation of water …

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Regeneration of nerves after injury-+

Injury might occur in: 1) Central Nervous System ►Regeneration does not occur ►Permanent loss of function 2) Peripheral nerves ►Regeneration …

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