The differences between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma are:
Diabetic ketoacidosis |
Non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma |
|
Definition | Triad of: hyperglycemia, ketonemia and high anion gap acidosis | State of hyperosmolality with low or no ketone bodies |
Cause | Excessive synthesis of ketone bodies from free fatty acids | Severe hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin resulting in plasma hyperosmolality and excessive water loss |
Symptoms | Kussmaul respiration, acetone breath, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain | Mental confusion, DehydrationComa |
Lab Investigations | Plasma glucose
Serum Urea Serum creatinine Serum ketones Serum electrolytes Plasma Osmolality Urine analysis (ketones) ABG analysis Complete blood count with differentiatials HbA1c |
Plasma glucose
Serum Urea Serum creatinine Serum ketones Serum electrolytes Plasma Osmolality Urine analysis (ketones) ABG analysis Complete blood count with differentiatials HbA1c |
General Treatment | Fluid therapy
Insulin therapy Potassium therapy Bicarbonate therapy |
Fluid therapy
Insulin therapy Potassium therapy
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