howMed Know Yourself
Causes of Poisoning occupational poisoning homicidal accidental In the battle field, soldiers are at risk of poisoning, so they are … Read More »
Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium and Echothiophate
Pyridostigmine Muscarinic effects are less marked, more nicotinic effects Duration of action is long (6 hours) than neostigmine Use: Myasthenia … Read More »
Physostigmine
Natural alkaloid obtained from “Physostigma Venenosum”. It is a tertiary amine derivative, crosses blood brain barrier and is highly lipid … Read More »
Neostigmine
Structure Quaternary ammonium compound. Mode of action Neostigmine has dual action: Directly by binding neuromuscular ‘N’ receptors Indirectly by inhibiting … Read More »
Anticholinesterases
Anticholinesterases inhibit the enzymes acting upon acetylcholine. They are the inhibitors of Cholinesterases:- Acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) Butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) Classification … Read More »
Nicotine and Lobeline
Alkaloids liquid in nature, obtained from plant source. Actions are mainly on nicotinic receptors (CNS, PNS, NMJ) Effects CNS, have … Read More »
Muscarine and Pilocarpine
Muscarine Quaternary amine (Amanita muscaria) Poorly soluble, less complete absorption from the GIT Very toxic & can even enter the … Read More »
Bethanechol
Structure related to Acetylcholine, acetate is replaced by carbamate & choline is methylated, thus it is carbomyl beta methyl choline. … Read More »
Methacholine
Methacholine has methyl group in its structure. It is more resistant to hydrolysis by choline esterase. It has both muscarinic … Read More »
Carbachol
Carbachol is the ester of carbamic acid, having both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. Muscarinic actions are prominent on eye, GIT … Read More »