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Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Ergot Derivatives Bromocriptine Most important and commonly used derivative of ergot alkaloid. Mechanism of Action Same as that of levo …

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Peripheral DOPA Decarboxylase Inhibitors and Dopamine Releasing Drugs

Peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors Most of the DOPA is decarboxylated peripherally, only 1-5% enters the brain. To counter peripheral decarboxylation, …

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Levo Dopa -Mechanism of Action, Pharmacological Effects, Uses and Adverse Effects

Parkinson’s disease is chronic progressive disease, only symptoms can be treated. As time passes, since it is progressive, ultimately complete …

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Drugs Used in Parkinsonism -An Introduction

Parkinson’s disease/Parkinsonism Disease of old people after about 60 years of age. 1 in 200 elderly are affected. Mainly due …

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Catalase Test -Principle, Procedure and Interpretations

staphylococcus aureus

It is a basic test to differentiate between Staphylococci and Streptococci. Both are gram positive cocci. Principle Catalase is produced …

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Urine Routine Examination

urine routine examination

Urine routine examination is described under the following headings: Collection of Sample Collect early morning, mid-stream urine in a wide …

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Stool Routine Examination

stool routine examination

A large number of normal intestinal flora is greatly influenced by diet. The microorganisms which form part of this normal …

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Motility Test -Methods, Procedures and Importance

motility test

Motility test is useful for identification of bacteria which possess similar biochemical reactions. Following methods are used for doing the …

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Oxidase Test -Principle, Procedure and Interpretations

oxidase test

Principle This test depends on the presence of cytochrome oxidase in bacteria that will catalyze the transport of electrons between …

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Identification of Bacteria

bacteria

Four basic tests are used for identifying bacteria in the lab, these include: 1. Determination of Morphology Gram stain (or …

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