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Hypothyroidism vs Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid hormones widespread and fundamental metabolic effects has evidence in the major clinical signs and symptoms commonly found in patients, presenting with either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

Hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

Weight gain

Weight loss

Poor appetite, weight loss

Increases appetite

Mental/physical slowness

Labile emotions

Constipation

Diarrhoea

Cold intolerance

Heart intolerance

Bradycardia

Tachycardia

Dry skin

Warm moist skin

Slow ankle jerk relaxation

Fine finger tremor

Menstrual abnormalities

Menstrual abnormalities

  Causes of Increase in Thyroid Hormones

1.    Free thyroxine
Thyroid disease
  • Graves disease
  • Toxic multinodular goitre
  • Toxic adenoma
  • Thyroidits (acute)
  • T3 toxicosis
  • T4 toxicosis
Iatrogenic
  • Excess thyroid hormone replacement
  • Thyrotoxicosis factitia
Other
  • Trophoblastic tumours
  • Peripheral thyroid hormone resistance
  • TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma
  • Aminodarone
  • Heroin

 

2.    Total thyroxine
Increases TBG
  • Ostrogen medication
  • Pregnancy
  • Hereditary excess synthesis
  • Chronic active hepatitis
Thyroxine autoantibodies
Familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia

Causes of Decrease in Thyroid Hormones

1. Hypothyroidism
  • Autoimmune thyroiditis
  • Subacute thyroiditis
  • Dyshormonogenesis
  • Hypothalamic/pituitary
  • Infantile hypothyroidism
(Hashimoto’s disease)
2. Reduced binding sites
  • Low TBG
  • Hereditary
  • Androgens,
  • severe liver disease
  • Cushing’s syndrome
  • Use of glucocorticoids
  • Low albumin

 

  • Competitors
 

  • Heparin, diphenylhydation (DPH), phenylbutazone, salicylate
  • Diazepam

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