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Hypothyroidism vs Hyperthyroidism

Pathology 3,237 Views

Thyroid hormones widespread and fundamental metabolic effects has evidence in the major clinical signs and symptoms commonly found in patients, presenting with either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

Hypothyroidism	Hyperthyroidism
Weight gain	Weight loss
Poor appetite, weight loss	Increases appetite
Mental/physical slowness	Labile emotions
Constipation	Diarrhoea
Cold intolerance	Heart intolerance
Bradycardia	Tachycardia
Dry skin	Warm moist skin
Slow ankle jerk relaxation	Fine finger tremor
Menstrual abnormalities	Menstrual abnormalities

Causes of Increase in Thyroid Hormones

1. Free thyroxine
Thyroid disease	Graves disease Toxic multinodular goitre Toxic adenoma Thyroidits (acute) T3 toxicosis T4 toxicosis
Iatrogenic	Excess thyroid hormone replacement Thyrotoxicosis factitia
Other	Trophoblastic tumours Peripheral thyroid hormone resistance TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma Aminodarone Heroin

2. Total thyroxine
Increases TBG	Ostrogen medication Pregnancy Hereditary excess synthesis Chronic active hepatitis
Thyroxine autoantibodies
Familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia

Causes of Decrease in Thyroid Hormones

1. Hypothyroidism

Autoimmune thyroiditis
Subacute thyroiditis
Dyshormonogenesis
Hypothalamic/pituitary
Infantile hypothyroidism

(Hashimoto’s disease)

2. Reduced binding sites

Low TBG

Hereditary
Androgens,
severe liver disease
Cushing’s syndrome
Use of glucocorticoids

Low albumin

Competitors

Heparin, diphenylhydation (DPH), phenylbutazone, salicylate
Diazepam

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