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Physiology

Hormones of Non Endocrine Glands

Several non endocrine organs and cells also produce hormones, which are chemical messengers secreted into the blood and bind specific …

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Hypoparathyroidism and Hyperparathyroidism- Disorders of Parathyroid

Hypoparathyroidism: In hypoparathyroidism, calcium reabsorption from the bones is depressed. Metabolic changes include hypocalcemia (6-7 mg/dl), hyperphosphatemia (may be double) …

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Parathyroid Hormones

Four parathyroid glands are normally present, two embedded in the superior pole of the thyroid and two in the inferior …

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Hormones- Mechanism of Action, Regulation and Clearance

Hormones are chemical messengers, directly secreted into the blood or extracellular fluid, which bind specific receptors on target cells, to …

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Hormones of Pituitary Gland

Pituitary is and endocrine gland located within the sella turcica, residing inside the skull. It is about one cm in …

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Hormones of Hypothalamus

All vertebrate brains contain hypothalamus, which in humans, it is roughly the size of an almond and constitutes less than …

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Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism-Disorders of Thyroid Gland

Thyroid gland is the first endocrine gland for known deficiency disorder since 1850. Cretinism is the mental and physical growth …

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Hormones of Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland produces hormones which regulate different processes and include: Tri-iodothyronine (T3) which is a follicular hormone and constitutes …

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Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis

Three hormones play significant role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis: 1. Calcitriol (1,25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol) 2. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) 3. …

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Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Levels in the Body

Calcium ion concentration in the extra cellular fluid is regulated precisely and even small changes of about 10% are quite …

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