howMed Know Yourself
Bone is constantly undergoing formation & resorption (remodeling) with the two processes occurring in equal amounts. Markers with increased bone … Read More »
Markers of Bone Turn Over
Causes of Osteomalacia
The causes of osteomalacia may be grouped into vitamin disorders, calcium deficiency, phosphate deficiency, disorders of bone matrix and inhibitors … Read More »
Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
Major Classification of Osteopenia Osteoporosis Osteogenesis imperfecta Osteomalacia Malignancy Osteitis fibrosa Classification of osteoporosis 1. Senile 8. Genetic disorders 2. … Read More »
Causes of Hyperparathyroidism and Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism may be primary or secondary. 1. Primary hyperparathyroidism a. Sporadic Causes · Solitary adenoma (commonest) · Cheif … Read More »
Causes of Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypocalcemia 1. Artifact (low serum albumin; rapid volume expansion) 2. Hypoparathyroidism 3. Pseudohypoparathyroidism 4. Postoperative resection of parathyroid … Read More »
Introduction to Body Calcium and Vitamin D
Calcium Calcium is a major constituent of bone and hence an important structural element in the body. Plasma Calcium The … Read More »
Hypoglycemia and its Causes
A working definition of clinical hypoglycaemia is a low blood glucose level less than 3.0 mmol/l, associated with characteristic, but … Read More »
Diagnostic Criteria and Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes is diagnosed if: a. HbA1C ≥ 6.5%, OR b. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l), OR c. … Read More »
Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
WHO Definition of Diabetes Mellitus A state of chronic hyperglycaemia which may result from genetic or environmental factors often acting … Read More »
Causes of Hyperglycemia
Fasting blood glucose level higher than 126 mg/dl or 7.0 mmol/l is labeled as hyperglycemia. Fasting hyperglycaemia may occur in … Read More »
