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Comparison of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

 
Innate Immunity
Adaptive Immunity
Specificity Non-specific Highly specific
Action For structures shared by a group of microbes For special antigens of microbial and non-microbial agents
Used against For microbes Microbes and non-microbial substances called antigens
Memory No memory Long term memory
Improvement Does not improve after exposure to organism Improves after each repeated exposure
Effective immediately after exposure Yes –acts within minutes No –requires several days before becoming effective
Diversity Limited High
Self reactivity No No
Potency Less More
Line of defense 1st line as intrinsically present Develops after exposure
Speed Faster response Slower response
Sufficient in long run Not sufficient as children with severe combined immunodeficiency disease suffer from life threatening infections Yes
Complement system activation Via alternative and lectin pathways Activated by classical pathway
Components

1. Cells

Phagocytes

  1. Monocytes
  2. Macrophages
  3. Neutrophils
  4. Natural killer cells
  1. Lymphocytes (T, B and plasma cells)
  2. Antigen presenting cells (macrophages, B and dendritic cells)
2. Blood proteins Complement
    Antibodies
 Anatomic and physiological barriers
  1. Skin
  2. Mucous membranes
    • Temp
    • pH
    • chemicals
  1. lymph nodes
  2. spleen
  3. mucosal associated lymphoid tissue

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