howMed Know Yourself
Case scenario A 64 year old woman consulted her medical practitioner about her general lassitude Clinical history • Included weight … Read More »
Investigations of Hypothyroidism
Graves Disease in Pregnancy
Case scenario • A pregnant 26 year old woman (31st week of gestation) presented with complaints of heat intolerance • … Read More »
Investigations of Hyperthyroidism
Case scenario A 16 years old boy was referred by his general practitioner for assessment of suspected hyperthyroidism Complains • … Read More »
Hypothyroidism vs Hyperthyroidism
Thyroid hormones widespread and fundamental metabolic effects has evidence in the major clinical signs and symptoms commonly found in patients, … Read More »
Thyroid Hormones -An Introduction
The thyroid hormones are: a. Thyroxine (T4) b. Tri-iodothyronine (T3) They are synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland under … Read More »
Markers of Bone Turn Over
Bone is constantly undergoing formation & resorption (remodeling) with the two processes occurring in equal amounts. Markers with increased bone … Read More »
Causes of Osteomalacia
The causes of osteomalacia may be grouped into vitamin disorders, calcium deficiency, phosphate deficiency, disorders of bone matrix and inhibitors … Read More »
Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
Major Classification of Osteopenia Osteoporosis Osteogenesis imperfecta Osteomalacia Malignancy Osteitis fibrosa Classification of osteoporosis 1. Senile 8. Genetic disorders 2. … Read More »
Causes of Hyperparathyroidism and Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism may be primary or secondary. 1. Primary hyperparathyroidism a. Sporadic Causes · Solitary adenoma (commonest) · Cheif … Read More »
Causes of Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypocalcemia 1. Artifact (low serum albumin; rapid volume expansion) 2. Hypoparathyroidism 3. Pseudohypoparathyroidism 4. Postoperative resection of parathyroid … Read More »
