howMed Know Yourself
Grading Grading is the level of cellular differentiation (microscopic). It is done to obtain a microscopic picture of tumors. Tumors … Read More »
Neisseria Meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis, a gram negative cocci, is one of the three important bacteria causing meningitis. People with deficiencies of late … Read More »
Chemical Carcinogenesis
Radiations, microbes and chemicals cause mutations, leading to formation of malignant cells. There are three steps in transformation of normal … Read More »
Oncogenesis and Oncogenes -Role of RB gene and p53
Oncogenesis, the pathogenesis of neoplasm, involves either gene itself or a product, i.e. protein. Oncogenes Oncogenes are the genes that … Read More »
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogenesis is the pathogenesis of cancer. Cancer patients may have inherited mutations predisposing to cancer. There are 3 categories of … Read More »
Neoplasia -An Introduction
Neoplasia/Neoplasm Neoplasia or neoplasm refers to new growth, new mass or abnormal proliferation. Tumor Previously, any swelling caused by inflammation … Read More »
Vinca Alkaloids, Taxanes, Epipodophyllotoxins, Camptothecins, Hormones, Anti-hormones, Asparaginase, Monoclonal Antibodies and Cytokines
Vinca Alkaloids Mitotic spindle poisons. Vincristine is obtained from Vinca rosea Mechanism of Action – dimeric form, bind tubulin to … Read More »
Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil, Purine Antagonists and Antibiotics Used in Cancer Chemotherapy
Anti-Metabolites Anti metabolites are used to inhibit different metabolic pathways, as rate of metabolism and required metabolites are much higher … Read More »
Alkylating Agents
Alkylating agents are the broad spectrum agennts. Chemistry Different reactive moiety: Bis (chloroethyl) amine / ethyleneimine / nitrosourea, responsible for … Read More »
Cancer chemotherapy -An Introduction
Cancer chemotherapy includes the drugs used to treat neoplasms, tumors or cancers. These include: Antineoplastic agents Anticancer drugs Cytotoxic drugs … Read More »
