howMed Know Yourself
Principle This test depends on the presence of cytochrome oxidase in bacteria that will catalyze the transport of electrons between … Read More »
Oxidase Test -Principle, Procedure and Interpretations
Identification of Bacteria
Four basic tests are used for identifying bacteria in the lab, these include: 1. Determination of Morphology Gram stain (or … Read More »
Ziehl Neelsen Staining -Principle, Procedure and Interpretations
Principle This procedure is used to stain mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae. These bacteria are also called acid fast bacilli. … Read More »
Gram Staining -Principle and Procedure
Principle Most bacteria can be differentiated by the gram reactions due to difference in their cell wall structure. Gram positive … Read More »
Clinical Uses of Antidepressants
The clinical uses of antidepressants include the following: 1. Depression Mild to moderate. Normally advised psychotherapy, cognitive, behavior therapy. If … Read More »
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Chemistry Hydrazine derivative –Phenelzine/Isocarboxazid Non-hydrazine derivatives –rest all Tranylcypromine also has amphetamine like activity Pharmacokinetics Monoamine oxidase is present in … Read More »
5HT2 Antagonists and Tetracyclic Unicyclic Antidepressants
5-HT2 antagonists Chemically triazole moiety, having antidepressant effect. Pharmacokinetics Well absorbed after oral administration. Extensive plasma protein binding Extensively metabolized … Read More »
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
Selective SNRIs Chemistry Venlafaxine / Desvenlafaxine – bicyclic Duloxetine – 3-ring Milnacipran – cyclopropane ring Pharmacokinetics Well … Read More »
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Chemistry Different chemical structure. Fluoxetine / sertraline / citalopram have enantiomers R and S, formulated as racemic products Escitalopram S … Read More »
Anti Depressant Agents
Depression “Mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feeling of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed … Read More »