The word pharmacology is derived from two Greek words, pharmacon meaning a drug, and logos meaning an opinion or reason. It can be defined as “The science which deals with the history, source, physical properties, chemical properties, compounding, biochemical effects, [...]
It is the commonest endocrine disorder characterised by:- –Chronic hyperglycaemia –Glycosuria –Abnormalities of protein and fat metabolism –Electrolyte disturbances –Complications like degenerative changes of blood vessels Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism [...]
Endocrine System uses chemical signals for cell to cell communication. It coordinates the function of cells.The response to an endocrine signal occurs within minutes to hours. Photo by GreenFlames09 Hormones – cell to cell communication molecules Use chemical signals for [...]
“Stress is not necessarily something bad – it all depends on how you take it. The stress of creative successful work is beneficial, while that of failure, humiliation or infection is detrimental.” (Hans Selye) Photo by stuartpilbrow What is Stress? [...]
One of the mankind’s oldest and most dreaded fears. Photo by A. Strakey Definition: Neuroscientist: Pain is a sensory phenomenon registered on “perception”. Psychologist: Pain may be a “learned / conditioned behavior”. Doctor: “Warning sign” to be [...]
FOOD PROVIDES FUEL Ø Body requires fuel to provide energy for cellular metabolism and repair, organ function, growth & body movement. Ø Food is the fuel that keeps the machine that is our body running. Photo by karigee ENERGY RECOMMENDATIONS: [...]
The word pharmacology is derived from two Greek words, pharmacon meaning a drug,...
It is the commonest endocrine disorder characterised by:- –Chronic hyperglycaemia –Glycosuria –Abnormalities...
Endocrine System uses chemical signals for cell to cell communication. It coordinates...
“Stress is not necessarily something bad – it all depends on how you take it....
One of the mankind’s oldest and most dreaded fears. Photo by A. Strakey Definition: ...
FOOD PROVIDES FUEL Ø Body requires fuel to provide energy for cellular...
Onset, duration and intensity of effect of drug depends on the rate of absorption, distribution and elimination (biotransformation, excretion)....
The period from the beginning of the ninth week to birth is known as fetal period. During this period, differentiation continues and organs...
Several non endocrine organs and cells also produce hormones, which are chemical messengers secreted into the blood and bind specific receptors...
Diabetes Mellitus is categorized by disorders of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Diagnostic tests are numerous, most of them are given...
UGIB is bleeding derived from a source proximal to the Ligament of Treitz. Photo by AJC1 Acute Upper G.I. Bleeding Haematemesis Melaena Haematochezia Haematemesis The...
FOOD PROVIDES FUEL Ø Body requires fuel to provide energy for cellular metabolism and repair, organ function, growth & body movement. Ø ...
Onset, duration and intensity of effect of drug depends on the rate of absorption, distribution and elimination (biotransformation, excretion). In case of oral route, plasma concentration gradually rises and reaches its peak value, then it begins to fall down. Drug [...]
Case Scenario Mrs. Jameel, 45 years of age, is a housewife. Since last month she was feeling fatigue of shoulder muscles while combing her hair. She had to perform some unusual physical work when her family was to move into [...]
Case Scenario: A young female, 26 years old primae underwent C/S. Both mother and baby were clinically stable. She was advised postoperative antibiotic injection to prevent infection. Nursing staff administered her Co-amoxiclav injection, immediately the patient complained of severe difficulty [...]
Microbiology Case Based Learning Case scenario A patient with fever and wound infection History Four days following the surgical operation a patient developed fever and noticed discharge of pus from the wound. The pus was yellow in color, thick and [...]
Fraction of the dose of a drug contained in any dosage form that reaches the systemic circulation in unchanged or active form administered through any route is known as bioavailability. Drugs injected using intravenous route of administration have 100% bioavailability, [...]
Drug enters the body by absorption. Inside the body, drugs move in the blood to different parts of the body. Distribution of drugs can be defined as: “The process by which a drug reversibly leaves the blood stream and enters [...]
The factors affecting absorption of drugs are related both to the drugs and to the body. Factors Related to Drugs: 1. Lipid water solubility Lipid water solubility coefficient is the ratio of dissolution of drug in lipid as compared to [...]
Absorption: Absorption is the process by which drug molecules cross biological membranes. It is usually associated with oral drugs and their absorption through the GIT. It also occurs by subcutaneous, intra muscular and transdermal routes of administration of drugs. However, [...]
The word pharmacology is derived from two Greek words, pharmacon meaning a drug, and logos meaning an opinion or reason. It can be defined as “The science which deals with the history, source, physical properties, chemical properties, compounding, biochemical effects, [...]
Active Principal: Chemical constituents present in crude animal or vegetable preparations responsible for biological activity are called active principles. Important active principles include: Alkaloids Glycosides Saponins Fixed and volatile oils Fats Waxes Gums Resins Oleoresins Gum resins Balsams Tannins Neutral [...]
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