howMed Know Yourself
For the purposes of diagnosis and treatment the most convenient classification is that which is based on the type of lipid abnormality (cholesterol, TG, or both).
1. Primary hyperlipidaemias
Hypercholesterolaemia
- Familial
- Polygenic
Hypertriglyceridaemia
- Familial lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency
- Familial apolipoprotein C-II deficiency
- Familial hypertriglyceridaemia
Combined hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia
- Familial combined hyperlipidaemia
- Familial type 3 hyperlipoproteinaemia
2. Secondary hyperlipidaemias
Hypercholesterolaemia
- Hypothyroidism
- Obstructive jaundice
- Acute porphyria
- Growth hormone deficiency
- Drugs: corticosteroids
Hypertriglyceridaemia
- Diabetes mellitus (DM)
- Alcoholism
- Lipodystrophies
- Renal failure
- Oestrogens (pregnancy,oral contraceptives)
- Glycogen storage disease
- Systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE)
- Obesity
- Severe stress
- Thiazides
Combined hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Myelomatosis
- Diabetes mellitus (DM)
- Renal failure
Fredrickson Classification
WHO (Fredrickson) classification of hyperlipidaemias, based on the electrophoeretic pattern of lipoproteins is as follows:
| Types /Classification | Seen on Electrophoresis | Which Lipoprotein are increased | Which Lipids increased |
| I | Increased chylomicrons zone | Chylomicrons | Triglyceride |
| IIa | Increased beta-lipoproteins zone | LDL-c | Cholesterol |
| IIb | Increased pre-beta and beta lipoproteins zone | VLDL and IDL-c | Cholesterol and Triglyceride |
| III | Beta band is broad in beta band zone | IDL-c | Cholesterol and Triglyceride |
| IV | Increased pre-beta lipoprotein zone | VLDL | Triglyceride |
| V | Increased pre-beta lipoprotein zone and chylomicrons zone | VLDL and chylomicrons | Cholesterol and Triglyceride |
